Alan Borsuk writes about the demise of Milwaukee Public Schools 8-T program, an initiative “aimed at dealing with a problem that perplexes urban school districts across the United States: what to do with the large number of eighth-graders who are not really ready for high school”.

Extensive research indicates that neither holding students back a grade nor promoting them unprepared fosters achievement,” the North Central Regional Educational Laboratory said in a report summarizing the issue.
So what do you do with such students?
In 1997, the Milwaukee School Board voted to require students to meet a set of proficiency standards before they graduate from middle school in an effort to deal with a “social promotion” problem that made ninth grade, in the words of one MPS administrator, “a parking lot” for hundreds of kids who were doing poorly.